Description and Human Anatomy Halo

Anatomy and Physiology

Human blood is a red color due to the hemoglobin used to carry oxygen throughout the body.

Humans are warm-blooded mammals who give birth to live offspring, and nourish their offspring with milk. They have five fingers, one being an opposable thumb, which a few Covenant species do not have. It was a major part in helping humans dominate on Earth. Their circulatory system is closed and consists of one heart and a network of blood vessels and red blood due to the iron-based hemoglobin of humans, as well as two lungs which breathe mainly a nitrogen-oxygen-based atmosphere. Externally, they have more hair than most Covenant species. Their eyes have more pinpointed pupils allowing for good vision, and their sense of hearing can detect very low pitch sounds. However, their sense of smell is fairly poor. They are omnivorous, meaning that they will eat both meats and plants, as well as consume high calcium foods, such as the milk of other animals, in great quantities. They have a more developed bone structure for protecting organs.

Humans are lean and possess relatively little muscle tissue. The relatively low power output of the human anatomy translates into a low upkeep for their sustained bodily functions. With a metabolism well-suited for the moderation of internal body temperature, less recovery time is required from physical exertion compared to other species. Though potential prey would easily out pace them at first, by pure stamina alone, early humans were able to wear down their quadruped game as it succumbed to heat stroke far sooner than they would.

Subspecies

Following the war with the Forerunners, humans were splintered into a variety of more than 20 known species, although not all are known. Despite being numerous species, consisting not only of human species (such as neanderthals and 'homo sapiens'), but also numerous hominids, hominoids, and anthropoids, they all thought of themselves collectively as the "People."

Before the firing of the Halo Array, the Librarian collected many specimens, and they were reseeded after the Halo Array was fired.

Although the origins of the naming of the "peoples" is unknown, it is likely the more "human" species have 'manune' in their name, and anthropoids had 'kyanunsho' in a way similar to the Elites "-ee" suffix (though one is for military service).

• B'ashamanune – skinny and lithe, scattered across equatorial grasslands
• Chamanune – small, diminutive, lacking chin and reduced mandible, elegant and mobile lips
• Hamanune – bronze-skinned, predominantly hairless
• K'tamanune – husky, ochre and brown-skinned, wandering northern latitudes and frigid climates
• Denisovan – tall (at least taller than chamanune), reddish hair, square heads, and chocolate brown skin
• An early form of Aborigines
• Sha'kyanunsho' – anthropoid, almost 3 meters at just shoulders and crest, shadow-colored
• Numerous Others

Population

In the 22nd century, Earth was deemed overpopulated, jump-starting the colonization programs of the time. The population of known human settlements preceding the Human-Covenant war would amount to 39 billion humans according to the UNSC and Halsey's records and estimates. After twenty seven years of war with the genocidal Covenant, Cortana approximated the death count to 23 billion (16 billion remaining).

Technology

In the 26th century, human technology did not advance equally for every concept previously explored. The most basic technologies (such as the ballistic weaponry and the wheel) had undergone few principal changes, the explanation for this being their proven reliability over centuries of use. The technology worked and so did not require heavy alteration or major changes. Humans however did have other great advancements such as Shaw-Fujikawa Translight Engines that are capable of reaching other star systems, as well as the creation of highly sophisticated A.I.s that could serve to fulfill versatile roles.

Weapons

While still primarily based on projectiles and chemical reactions, human weapons come with a variety of electronic gadgets such as ammo readouts and are significantly more reliable, seldom malfunctioning. They are also generally immune to electromagnetic pulses. Still, there have been some advanced developments, such as the Magnetic Accelerator Cannon, which is extensively used on ships as well as on vehicles and ground based weapons. A similar weapon, the rail-gun, was experimented with in the 20th century. There have been developments in energy weapons such as the Spartan Laser and the experimental pulse lasers used on UNSC Prowler. Although some of these breakthroughs could have been based on captured Covenant technology, humans have previously used laser technology. Humans may have a good understanding of particle beam technology but have yet to utilize it in their weaponry. One of the largest breakthroughs came in the mid 20th century where humans discovered that nuclear fission and fusion can be used as a weapon to cause a large explosion, with such warheads seen in many missile installations and UNSC warships during naval battles. Innovation in this area would also converge in the creation of humanity's most devastating weapon during the war effort, known as the NOVA Bomb. By 2557 they have created handheld railguns.

Ground Vehicles

Though human vehicles still rely on crude wheeled or continuous track motion for locomotion, UNSC vehicles are still extremely advanced, incorporating high-strength materials with precision engineering to improve mobility and durability, while often mounting a variety of weapons or equipment to increase their flexibility. Most like the Warthog have switched from fossil fuels to hydrogen-fuel cell engines which runs from converted salt water. The most powerful of human vehicles usually run on continuous tracks that allow them to better distribute their weight over uneven ground and to better grip uneven terrain thus allowing for the vehicles to go places where other wheeled counterparts could never, but the vehicles are usually heavier than their wheeled counterparts. However, human armored units in the 26th-century have a small caliber cannon compared to 21st-century MBTs. With only a 90mm cannon, the UNSC Scorpion seems underpowered by compared to primitive versions. There may be other advances which compensate for this, such as it's high rate of fire, and advanced ammunition, not to mention the tank's relatively high versatility.

Air Vehicles

Most UNSC aircraft are designed with Vertical Take-off and Landing capabilities, using adjustable jet engines for lift and thrust. It is possible that some, like the Pelican incorporate Lifting Body principles.

Medical Advances

The use of Sterile Field Generators means that surgery is not only safer to perform, with a greatly reduced risk of infection, but is also able to be performed in the field. Combat personnel also use biofoam, an expanding semi-organic compound that fills and pressurizes a wound, numbing it at the same time. Several modern day diseases have also been cured including cancer. 

Space-Faring

During the Mid-20th century, humanity experimented with rocket technology using it to build satellites and visit and subsequently colonize the Moon and beyond.

With the advent of Slipspace engines allowing faster-than-light travel, the UEG was able to expand well beyond the confines of the Sol system, colonizing a number of worlds. UNSC Freighters transport food and goods between colonies, while UNSC Navy warships protect trade routes from pirates and defend colonies from enemy assault. However, the weapons and combat abilities of human spacecraft are, as of the Human-Covenant war time period, still somewhat limited.

In the Post-War period one of humanities greatest technological advances in ships was the UNSC Infinity, with technology recovered from the Human-Covenant war and the Shield World Trevelyan.


Check The first post about humanity ->>

https://halofam.blogspot.com/2019/10/human-history-and-early-civilization.html